Concrete is undisputedly an indispensable element in the construction industry. However, before concrete can be used, it is poured into specially designed moulds and allowed to harden. This process helps the concrete to achieve the required strength.


Formwork Comes into Play in this Context


The mould, which ensures that the poured concrete remains in shape during the hardening process, is called formwork. Concrete formwork, therefore, has a pivotal task to play in concrete construction. It has to be highly robust to sustain the load throughout the casting process and hold its way till the concrete is hardened.

Classification of formwork is done on the following basis:

  • Material used
  • Permanency of the mould
  • Building elements to be sustained


Classification of Concrete Formwork


Based on Materials Used:


Timber formwork: One of the oldest types to be used in the construction industry, timber formwork is cost-effective for small projects. Today, its use is limited to projects with low labour costs or flexibility required from the formwork.


Plywood formwork: More or less similar to timber formwork, it is mainly used for decking, sheathing, and form linings.


Metal formwork: Aluminium and steel are two metals commonly used for formwork. Steel is, however, more robust than aluminium.


Plastic formwork: This formwork comprises prefabricated components, and hence it is not suitable for projects which require flexible formwork.


Stay-in-place formwork: This formwork comprises fibre-reinforced and prefabricated plastic forms and is most suitable for constructing piers and columns. It is not affected by corrosive and environmental factors.


Based on Permanency:


Insulated Formwork: One of the most sophisticated formworks, this type of formwork offers life-long insulation. Its popularity is the sustainability and energy efficiency provided by it, consequently contributing to a lesser environmental impact.


Based on Building Elements Supported: 


  • Beam formwork
  • Wall formwork
  • Column formwork
  • Foundation formwork

The formworks in the above cases vary depending upon the structures supported by them.


Points to Consider during Selection of Formwork


  • Concrete type to be used
  • Pouring Temperature
  • The capability of resisting dry and wet concrete loads

The formwork that is best suited for your project will be determined by the design of your building.